Apostille and Legalization of Documents for Use in Europe: What Has Changed in 2025?
In 2025, the rules for apostille and document legalization for use in Europe remain a crucial topic for those planning to work, study, or relocate to European Union countries and the United Kingdom. However, some changes and clarifications in procedures may affect the document processing process.
What Is an Apostille and Why Is It Needed?
An apostille is a special stamp that certifies the authenticity of a signature and seal on official documents issued in one country for use in another. The apostille simplifies the recognition process of documents between countries that have signed the 1961 Hague Convention.
For example, if a person residing in the U.S. wants to move to Europe (such as France or Germany) for work or study, their documents (birth certificates, diplomas, police clearance certificates) must be apostilled in the U.S. so that the relevant institutions in those countries can accept them.
Legalization of Documents in Countries That Have Not Signed the Hague Convention
Some European countries, such as Liechtenstein and certain parts of the United Kingdom (e.g., overseas territories), may require not only an apostille but also additional legalization through consular services. This is a more complex process that involves certification by multiple authorities, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the consulate of the country where the document will be used.
How to Obtain an Apostille in the U.S. for Europe?
The process of obtaining an apostille in the U.S. varies depending on the type of document:
1. Federal documents (e.g., FBI background checks) require an apostille from the U.S. Department of State.
2. State-issued documents (e.g., birth, marriage, death certificates, notarized documents) must be apostilled by the Secretary of State of the issuing state.
3. Educational documents require an apostille from the Department of Education of the respective state.
Changes in 2025
• Electronic Apostille (e-Apostille): Some European countries, including France and the Netherlands, have actively begun digitizing the process. Now, certain countries accept electronic versions of the apostille, speeding up the procedure and reducing the need for paper copies. However, not all EU countries have implemented this system yet.
• Simplified Procedure for the UK: After Brexit, the UK continues to use the Hague Convention but has simplified the process for U.S. citizens, allowing documents to be submitted electronically through official online platforms.
• Additional Translation Requirements: In some countries, such as Germany and Austria, there has been an increase in cases where a notarized translation of a document is required after apostille certification.
How to Check Whether an Apostille or Legalization Is Required?
Before submitting documents, it is recommended to:
• Check official requirements on the website of the consulate of the destination country.
• Confirm whether only an apostille is needed or if consular legalization is also required.
• If the country accepts electronic apostilles, verify which documents can be submitted in digital format.
The process of legalization and apostille remains essential for migration, study, work, and other official purposes in Europe. In 2025, digitalization and procedural simplifications will make the process faster, but the exact requirements will depend on the specific country.
